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Description archivistique
Texas A&M University, Libraries, Cushing Memorial Library & Archives
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Texas A&M College Student Correspondence Collection

  • US TxAM-C 1197
  • Collection
  • 1877-1878

This collection contains letters written by two A&M College students and general information about the collection. The first two letters are written by David Gordon Miller to his mother in 1877 (folder 2), and tell of Gordon's desire to be with his family at Christmas including a few words about A&M College and life. The third letter (folder 3) was written by E. G. Mills to his sister A. H. Sears on March 30, 1878, with a small section expressing the tedious life of an A&M student at the time.

Cavitt Family Papers

  • US TxAM-C 805
  • Collection
  • circa 1870s-post 1900s

The collection consists of personal correspondence and documents of J. F. Cavitt and other documents of significant importance. Included is the correspondence of and articles about Ann Cavitt Armstrong, that sheds a light on the early settlement period of Texas. Financial documents also shed a light on the early history of Texas, including court documents and receipts of slave purchases.

Sans titre

Cherokee Freedman Collection

  • US TxAM-C C000304
  • Collection
  • 1900-1907

The Cherokee Freedmen Collection housed at Cushing Memorial Library and Archive is composed of written interviews of African Americans and Native Americans conducted by the United States Department of the Interior’s Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes. The Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes also became known as the Dawes Commission, after its chairman Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. The interviews, testimonies, and affidavits relate to the applications of African Americans that were denied enrollment as Cherokee Freedmen during the Dawes Commission. The collection encompasses over 500 documents from 30 different applications affecting over 100 people. Most of the documents are filed with their original envelopes. The documents in the Cherokee Freedmen Collection are dated from 1900 to 1907. Most of the hearings were conducted at Fort Gibson or Muskogee, Oklahoma. There is a high degree of intertextuality between the files regarding people and places mentioned.

In addition to the interviews, there are also interdepartmental letters between various commissioners and the Secretary of the Interior, and notices to applicants and their lawyers. The collection offers a primary source on the arbitration involved in the decision of who did and did not count as Cherokee Freedmen, as well as frontier life in general both before and after the war. The language used vividly reveals the prevailing racial attitudes of the day, chiefly toward African Americans and Native Americans; casual use is made of pejorative terms, and open prejudice is occasionally voiced. All of the applications that are contained within the Cherokee Freedmen Collection housed at Cushing Library were rejected, denying the applicants citizenship to the Cherokee Nation.

In 1866, each of the Five Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles) that had sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War entered treaties with the United States to abolish slavery in the Native American Territory and established provisions that addressed the status and rights of the freed slaves and people of African descent that lived among the Five Tribes. Since the Cherokee Nation sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War, the United States’ punishment for the Cherokee Nation was to give “all the rights of a native Cherokee” to all freed slaves who still lived within the Cherokee Nation.

In 1877, the Dawes Act (also called the General Allotment Act) was passed under President Grover Cleveland, allowing the federal government to break up tribal land to try to force Native Americans to assimilate. The federal government took the 150 million acres of land that was already controlled by the tribes. The commission's mission was to divide tribal land into 160-acre plots which were then divided among the members of the tribe. As part of this process, the Commission either accepted or rejected applicants for tribal membership based on whether the tribal government had previously recognized the applicant as a member of the tribe and other legal requirements. Applicants were categorized as Citizens by Blood, Citizens by Marriage, Minor Citizens by Blood, New Born Citizens by Blood, Freedmen (African Americans formerly enslaved by tribal members), New Born Freedmen, and Minor Freedmen. Once the land was divided amongst the citizens of the Native American Nations, the United States government sold the surplus tribal lands to non-Native Americans for a profit.

Many of the testimonies include personal histories, sometimes dating as far back as the 1830s, and great detail is given on the moving of slaves to and from the Cherokee Nation during the Civil War. Notable pieces include accounts of runaway slaves returning to their separated families, individual reactions to Emancipation, and a letter directly to the Secretary of the Interior personally written by an applicant, requesting that her case be re-opened. The letter, polite and heartfelt but clearly frustrated, is spelled phonetically. Many of the applicants in the collection are related to one another. For example, Henry Albert is the son of Martha Albert, who was a freed slave of the Cherokee Nation. Henry Albert was over the age of 21, he had to apply to be enrolled as a Cherokee Freedmen for himself and his children. Since Henry was born free, most of the information contained within the file is based on his mother, Martha Albert’s testimony, and other witnesses who testified on her behalf or on behalf of the Cherokee Nation. The investigation on whether Martha Albert was truly a freed slave of the Cherokee Nation or not determined whether or not her children, grandchildren, nieces, and nephews would also be eligible to be enrolled as Cherokee Freedmen. The files of Henry Albert, Barnes Family, and Lula Knalls all contain copies of Martha Albert’s testimonies. Another interesting letter that allowed for the subject listing to include "Leonid Meteor Showers" refers to one elderly woman's age which was determined by the fact that she was 16 "the year the stars fell". The commissioner noted that that was in 1832, and he was there himself. The following year, '33, was the year that the Leonid shower was officially "discovered” and caused something of a panic in the eastern US; no one knew what meteors were, yet!

Several of the locations mentioned were Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, Muskogee, Oklahoma, and Fort Smith, Arkansas. As well as Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the capitol of the Cherokee Nation, and Goingsnake District, now Adair County, Oklahoma, which was the location of the Goingsnake Massacre. Occasionally the communities cited in the interviews have since become ghost towns, been absorbed into larger cities, or changed names. Many of the testimonies also included interviews with both Confederate and Union soldiers.

A few historical figures were involved in the Cherokee Freedmen trials. Namely, Ethan Allen Hitchcock served as the United States Secretary of the Interior under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from 1899 to 1907. Also, the attorneys for the Cherokee Nation, James Davenport and W.W. Hastings (in all likelihood, William Wirt. referenced as "W. W. Hastings" in transcripts, but a William Wirt Hastings, of Cherokee heritage and from Oklahoma, was an attorney who worked in private practice, as the attorney general for the Cherokee Nation, and then as the national attorney for the Nation from 1907. The dates do match up, and there is a W. W. Hastings Hospital in Tahlequah, given by William Wirt when he was in Congress, as a gift) both of whom later served as U.S. Representatives for Oklahoma.

The affidavits, correspondence, and any support materials are arranged in alphabetical order by the surname of the applicant. Note: File 22 is in critical need of preservation.

Sans titre

J. Oscar Morgan Papers

  • US TxAM-C 1147
  • Collection
  • 1911-1912

This collection contains papers of Dr. J. Oscar Morgan who was a Professor of Agronomy at A & M College of Texas in the early 1900s. Few exact dates could be identified, but some of the papers are dated around 1911-1912.

There is no information about whether these papers were ever published as articles, or whether they were used only in the classroom.

Robert Teague Milner 1912 Student Strike Collection

  • US TxAM-C 1198
  • Collection
  • 1909-1913

This collection contains information dealing with the 1912-1913 student strike at the College of Texas A&M where student cadets were accused of hazing on December 14, 1912. This collection also contains correspondence regarding the 1913 student strike written mostly to Milner, who was President of A&M during the strike.

African American Illustrated Postcards (Down in Sunny Dixie) Collection

  • US TxAM-C C000565
  • Collection
  • 1938

This collection consists of an illustrated mailer postmarked New Orleans, and hand-addressed to Toledo OH, containing 18 accordion-folded 6in x 4in color photos purporting to show (stereotypical happy variety) black life in the south, with two songs, "Dixie Land" and "Dixieland for M" printed on the inside of the mailer with a cypress tree on one side of the fold and a photo of a black man and woman next to the address label.

These were reproduced from hand-tinted black and white originals. Postcard-size images, but double-sided without space for messages.

Meeting of the Texas A&M College Board of Directors Guests Book

  • US TxAM-C 1294
  • Collection
  • 1939; Undated

This collection contains a guest book and correspondence from and pertaining to the meeting of Texas A&M College Board of Directors and of the Former Student's Association network in 1939 hosted by Roy D. Golston in Lake City, Colorado.

Golston was the president of the Association of Former Students and served on the board from 1938-1944. He was one of the founding members of the "Aggie Club" which later became the 12th Man Foundation.

Maxwell Perkins and Theodore Naidish Correspondence

  • US TxAM-C C000367
  • Collection
  • 1942-1947

This collection consists of one binder containing correspondence between editor Maxwell Perkins of Charles Scribner's Sons publishing house, and author Theodore Naidish from 1942-1949. The binder also contains a full description of all the correspondence.

Naidish was under contract with Scribner's during the period in which these letters were written, and was by all accounts a brilliant but somewhat fragile and volatile writer. In 1944 Scribner's published his boxing novel, Watch Out for Willie Carter. The novelist's letters to Perkins are especially revealing, providing insight into Naidish's inner thoughts, and include a great deal of commentary on the progression of his various literary endeavors; he asks for money, discusses the specifics of drafts of his works on which the two men have been working together, and requests that Perkins become his executor.

42 of the items are in separate mylar sleeves, some items are typed and some are in cursive writing.

Sans titre

B. B. Baker Collection

  • US TxAM-C 1187
  • Collection
  • 1942-1954; undated

This collection contains correspondence, pictures, clippings, documents, notes, certificates, awards, and other materials concerning the military career of Air Force Lieutenant B. B. Baker and those with whom he worked. The materials span the time period of World War II as well as military operations and concerns in India, China, and Southeast Asia in the years following the war.

The largest section of correspondence is the letters between Lt. Baker and his parents dating from December 1942 to May 1954. Other correspondence includes those between Lt. Baker and others including Generals with whom Baker was associated.

Within the numerous military certificates awarded to Lieutenant Baker, there is an atomic illustration (joke certificate of atomic testing and WWII humor), a letter of gratitude from Harry Truman, and an Army certificate of appreciation for war service. Also included in the collection are military flying handouts, Marines football game photos, and other information about the WWII accounts in Baker's life. Other photographs include some of India in 1943 and 1944 as well as the Imperial Palace in Japan (folder 2/5). There is also a scrapbook containing newspaper articles concerning Asia along with notes on the region (folder 2/9).

Sans titre

Hubert Schmidt Papers

  • US TxAM-C 1287
  • Collection
  • 1908-1956; Undated

This collection contains correspondence related to the Texas A&M veterinarian, Hubert Schmidt, along with notes on fellow veterinarian Mark Frances, veterinary books, and translations, along with Texas A&M College memorabilia. This collection contains a "T" certificate from Hubert Schmidt’s time as a member of the Texas A&M College football team from 1906-1908. This collection also contains veterinary publications and notes related to Hubert Schmidt and Mark Francis.

Sans titre

Edward Thomas Papers

  • US TxAM-C 275
  • Collection
  • 1902-circa 1965

This collection consists of letters written by or about Edward Thomas, an English author, and one manuscript of a foreword written by his wife, Helen Thomas. The subject of each one varies from Edward Thomas' death, a rejection letter for a short story he later published elsewhere, to general correspondence with a photographer friend, Frederick Evans, and Mrs. Thomas' foreword which was added to a new edition of her then-late husband's children's book, Four-and-Twenty Blackbirds.

The collection came with detailed notes on each item, as well as a transcription of what is written on the original pieces of paper. Thus, it was copied to this finding guide, as a helpful aid to deciphering the handwriting.

Sans titre

Wipprecht Family Papers

  • US TxAM-C 1251
  • Collection
  • 1803-1973

The Wipprecht Family Papers is a collection of photographs, correspondence, and other items pertaining to the family of Walter Wipprecht (Sr.). The photographic collection spans the Wipprecht personal family ranch life in Bryan Texas to Texas A&M College and Bryan, TX early buildings. The collection includes several local newspapers, commemorative Bryan, TX memorabilia along with photographs of historic Texas A&M College during the early 1900s.

The collection includes light-sensitive glass plate negatives.

Sans titre

William Harrison Mays Papers

  • US TxAM-C C000003
  • Collection
  • 1866-1982

This collection contains a variety of documents related to William Harrison Mays, an African American cowboy living in Corpus Christi, TX during the late 19th and early 20th century, and his family. The collection consists of tax receipts, promissory notes, land deeds, and receipts for lumber and building loan payments, photographs, and correspondences from which the researcher is able to track the development of a family over the course of three generations.

Of particular interest is a letter written by W. H. Mays' grandson, Roby Williams, dated September 12, 1982, in which he claims that his grandfather, "was a gun toten cow puncher with the Kings and Kennedys who used to ride over the border and steal Mexican's cattle and bring them back to Kings ranch and brand them KR. Grandpa knew he was living such a hard and risky life, he knew he was subject to being killed on some of these adventures and cattle drives up to Abilene, Kansas, so he didn't buy anything in his name. If he was arrested for cattle rustling, they couldn't take his property." One of the deeds dated 1872 may dispute this claim as it conveys to "Harrison Mays, Colored" a property in Corpus Christi for the sum of twenty-five gold dollars. However, all the tax receipts thereafter for the property are made out to a Clarissa Sinclair (also known as Alice Sinclair, William Harrison Mays' wife).

Other items of interest include a photograph, circa 1865, of two African-American men each standing with a leg up on a wooden box with a large bag marked "$1,000." The handwritten caption on the back reads: "Uncle Willie Cox on left. Just after a win in a cock's fight. Bag contains $1,000.00 in gold. San Luis Portisi, Mexico."

Sans titre

Abnashi Ram Collection

  • US TxAM-C 1575
  • Collection
  • 1931-1982

This collection contains about 337 letters from Mr. Abnashi Ram, who came to the USA in 1920 and was the first Indian student from India to graduate from Texas A&M in 1923 and established a successful export/import/gift shop in Hollywood, California. The letters also reflect correspondence with other fellow immigrants and many famous Americans. These letters reflect their gut emotions while living as lonely immigrants who could not bring their families to the USA on account of the draconian immigration laws that were finally eliminated in 1967. The collection also includes 75 letters from Mr. Mumtaz Kitchlew of Chicago. Dr. Sharma and his wife have lived in Richardson, TX for over 42 years. Sharma taught at SMU for over ten years. In 2009 he authored a book, Saving Immigrant's Daughter a story about Mr. Abnashi Ram and his daughter who he met at UCLA and ultimately married. Much of this collection has been digitized and is available on the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA) website.

Sans titre

Texas A&M Dance and Banquet Collection

  • US TxAM-C C000286
  • Collection
  • 1878-1992; Undated

This collection consists of the university's dance and banquet invitations dating back to the beginning of Texas A&M College. These invitations were once owned by students who attended the university/college.  Most invitations were produced as a means of communication, due to the limited means of communication in some eras. The invitations cover dates and times that were important to the TAMU/TAMC student body. They can be used to research the sociality of people of the 20th century as well as the late 19th century.

Harold Monro Collection

  • US TxAM-C 229
  • Collection
  • 1903-2001

This collection consists of handwritten research notes, correspondence from various individuals, institutions and organizations, and photocopied materials collected by Dominic Hibberd for his 2001 biography Harold Monro: Poet of the New Age. It also includes the papers and research notes of Ruth Tomalin. Alida Monro left Tomalin money to write a biography of Harold Monro, but this was contested by an executor of the will. Though she won her court case, Tomalin did not write the biography, and instead passed her notes to Patric Dickson, another potential biographer, who in turn gave them to Dominic Hibberd. The collection also contains publicity materials and publication information for Hibberd's book.

Sans titre

George R.R. Martin Fan Mail Collection

  • US TxAM-C C000501
  • Collection
  • 1987 - 2020

This collections consists of fan mail received by noted author George R.R. Martin, including letters, cards, requests for signed bookplates, invitations, and solicitations. Most of the fan mail concerns Martin's fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. A large subseries concerns fan response to the television show Beauty and the Beast (1987-1990), for which Martin was a writer and producer.

Sans titre

George Washington Lewis Civil War Letters

  • US TxAM-C 1267
  • Collection

This collection contains correspondence written by George Washington Lewis to his first cousin and wife, Caroline Merritt during his time in the Civil War. The collection includes original letters along with typed transcriptions of the letters. The collection also contains a later donation of a family tree of the Lewis family and genealogical notes.

Sans titre

Imamu Amiri Baraka Collection

  • US TxAM-C C000570
  • Collection

This collection contains over 100 items, primarily books that are cataloged and available via the Libcat system. The manuscript and drawings are also cataloged and available via the Libcat system.

Sans titre

Mamie Haden Waller Papers

  • US TxAM-C 1254
  • Collection
  • 1874-1896; 1976

This collection includes letters saved by Mamie Haden Waller. They span 40 years of her life; not only do they encompass her life, but those of her mother Priscie (P. Haden) and father, James E. Haden as well. The collection also includes letters from Waller's siblings, in-laws, husband, and many other relatives and friends.

The Haden family lived on a farm near Dresden, TX. Of Mamie's six siblings, her second oldest brother, Joel H., attended A&M College from 1876-1878. Several of her brothers were military officers and her sister Priscie married Gideon Taylor in 1875. Mamie Haden Waller had five grandchildren.

Sisters: Clemmie Haden, Priscie Haden, Pattie Haden, Florence P. Haden Brothers: Johnny (John) J. Haden, Joel H. Haden